gender and prestige :: essays papers

gender and prestigiousnessThe purpose of this essay is to show embeddedness of prestige placement into subsystems of the socializations. We will discuss foursome cultures which represent four different types of social organizations Kung San represents band organization, Mundurucu represents village type, Polynesia - Chiefdom, and Andalusia represents state type of social organization. In all of these cultures prestige system, which is the gender system, is imbedded into other subsystems. Three of these cultures Mundurucu, Polynesia, and Andalusia, have stratified type of ideology, meaning in this culture males have more power then females. Kung San culture, on the other hand, has egalitarian type of ideology, where there is no noteworthy difference in power between males and females. We first start by defining prestige system, which consists of prestige itself. Prestige is level of respect at which bingle is regarded by others. Every person in prestige system has status, by wh ich other people value your prestige. Status it determined by following factors economical, political, personal, and historical. When we discourse about the prestige system we have to say that prestige system is supported by ideology, and since cultures have different ideologies, the prestige systems vary from one culture to another. Polynesia, discussed by Sherry Ortner, consists of large numbers of islands in the Pacific Ocean, which include Hawaii, Samoa, Tahiti, and many more. The islands in their majority have the same prestige system. The prestige systems in Polynesia is the system of hereditary ranking which is embedded in political system, kinship system, and economic system. The type of social organization in Polynesia, as we mentioned above, is chiefdom. Chiefdom is characterized by number of villages, where to each one village has its own chief, and the whole village system has one chief, higher in rank then other chiefs. This fact is important when we discuss the embed dedness of prestige system in the political system. Every village, that is the part of the chiefdom, has a goal to get on the top of the symbolic pyramid, with main chief and fono, the governing council, on the top. Sometimes, statuses can be brought higher with the right type of marriage, however, most of the villages have endogamy type of marriages, meaning the spouse comes from inside of the village. In case of exogamy marriage, where spouse comes from outside, the grooms family will have to share part of the land with the brides family.